Exploring resilience interactions and its driving forces in the land–water–biodiversity nexus at the watershed scale

Abstract This study took the Meijiang River Basin, China, as an example, to simulate resilience interactions of three key subsystems land, water and biodiversity from 2000 2015, using a spatially explicit model. Twelve environmental variables were selected natural, landscape pattern socioeconomic dimensions detect dominant factors system geographic detector We found that yield, soil retention mainly influenced by factors. Additionally, terrain is main driver resilience, precipitation plays critical role influencing yield variations remain stable pattern. Larger synergy loss occurred between compared with other pairs while greater tradeoffs resilience. The among pattern, precipitation, GDP driving forces land interactions. Our implied improving habitat connectivity could maximize benefits.